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Chalcolithic

Header: Chalcolithic
Also known as: Chalcolithic; Copper Age
Scope note: The term is used in various cultural and geographical contexts to define the period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, for instance in Cyprus, the Middle East, and Britain and Ireland, where well-defined cultural developments differentiate the period from the preceding Late Neolithic. It is not used everywhere. In parts of Northern Europe including Russia, there are only rare copper and gold artefacts in Late Neolithic contexts transitional to the Early Bronze Age, and these do not constitute a well-defined Chalcolithic (Copper Age) culture. Britain: In mainland Britain the term Chalcolithic describes the period between c 2500BC-2200BC during which the first simple metal items of copper and gold appear together with a new ceramic tradition, a novel burial rite and other distinctive personal accoutrements with a strong European flavour (Beaker or Bell Beaker culture). It is accepted that this represents a movement of people, technologies and ideas into Britain, heralding the end of the local Late Neolithic. This package of goods and behaviours is not reproduced exactly in Ireland where a different and distinctive tomb type and set of funerary practices characterises the Chalcolithic, but alongside the 'exotic' ceramics and other items noted above, and a quickly flourishing metallurgical tradition made possible by the existence of a major source of copper in the South West of the country. Middle East: In the Middle East the Chalcolithic period dates between c 5500-3000 BC, marked by the appearance of new ceramic traditions and the gradual introduction of smelted copper. The period saw the development of increasingly complex social, political and economic structures that presaged the emergence of urban life at the end of the 4th millennium BC. The period is subdivided regionally according to local cultural horizons. In Anatolia, Mesopotamia and the Levant, the term ‘Chalcolithic’ comprises Early, Middle and Late sub-periods. In addition, regional sequences divide the period according to local ceramic cultures such as the Ubaid and Uruk in Mesopotamia, the Beersheba and Ghassulian in the southern Levant, and the Bakun and Lapui in the highlands of south-western Iran. In Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Stone Age - Bronze Age transition is classified as the ‘Eneolithic’, equivalent to the Chalcolithic period elsewhere in West Asia.
Broader terms: x14420; Prehistoric
Narrower terms: Bakun; Eneolithic; Gaudo; Jorwe Culture; Lapui; Late Chalcolithic; Middle Chalcolithic; Ubaid; Uruk; Zhob Culture

803 related objects

adze

Museum number: 1909,0813.27 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

adze

Museum number: 1913,0523.22 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mount Scopus

adze

Museum number: 1909,0813.30 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

adze

Museum number: CAR.19.71 |
Cultures/periods: MesolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Gaur, River

adze

Museum number: 1921,0207.19 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Wadi es-Sur

adze

Museum number: 1909,0813.28 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

adze

Museum number: 1913,0523.3 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

adze

Museum number: 1913,0523.5 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

adze

Museum number: 1909,0813.31 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

adze

Museum number: 1946,0402.6 |
Cultures/periods: NeolithicChalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Petra (historic - Nabataea)

adze

Museum number: 1913,0523.20 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mount Scopus

adze

Museum number: 1921,0207.20 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Ramallah (Palestine)

adze

Museum number: 1921,0207.21 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Ramallah (Palestine)

adze

Museum number: 1913,0523.36 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Artas

amulet

Museum number: 1866,0101.327.5 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800 BC-2200 BC |
Production place: Made in:Cyprus |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Idalion

arrow-head

Museum number: 2009,6017.547 |
Cultures/periods: NeolithicChalcolithic |
Production date: 6000BC-2000BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Marv Dasht

artefact

Museum number: 1996,0931.18 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Beycesultan

artefact

Museum number: 1996,0931.23 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Beycesultan

artefact

Museum number: 1996,0931.22 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Beycesultan

artefact

Museum number: CAR.19.74 |
Cultures/periods: MesolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Gaur, River

artefact

Museum number: E62925 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Wadi Ghazeh

artefact

Museum number: 1996,0931.21 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Beycesultan

awl

Museum number: 1889,0704.61 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

awl

Museum number: 1889,0704.64 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Campos

awl

Museum number: CAR.19.72 |
Cultures/periods: MesolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Gaur, River

awl

Museum number: 1889,0704.59 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

awl

Museum number: 1889,0704.60 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.22 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.25 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.9 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.13 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: WG.1048 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Ruvo (Puglia)

axe

Museum number: WG.1047 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Tarquinia

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.460 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Italy

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.15 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1926,0617.10 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Dbayeh

axe

Museum number: 1945,1007.1 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jebel Mazar

axe

Museum number: 1935,1018.1 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Italy

axe

Museum number: 1935,1018.12 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Italy

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.10 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.19 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.371 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Italy

axe

Museum number: 1916,0605.179 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Naples (city)

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.14 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.24 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.33 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Hebron

axe

Museum number: 1964,1206.923 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Palestine (historic)

axe

Museum number: 1964,1206.926 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jerusalem

axe

Museum number: 1980,1214.15072 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Lachish (historic)

axe

Museum number: 1964,1206.924 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Palestine (historic)

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.23 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mount Scopus

axe

Museum number: 1889,0704.27 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2600BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Campos

axe

Museum number: 1889,0704.62 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Campos

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.4 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.34 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Artas

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.201 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Terni (town)

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.202 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Terni (town)

axe

Museum number: WG.1064 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Pozzuoli

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.41 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.20 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.11 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1889,0704.63 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Campos

axe

Museum number: 1883,0426.1 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Abruzzo

axe

Museum number: 1935,1018.41 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:ItalyFound/Acquired:Naples (province)

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.37 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicBronze Age |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Tell en-Nasbeh

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.17 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.200 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Terni (town)

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.12 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1889,0201.2 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Capua

axe

Museum number: 1935,1207.459 |
Cultures/periods: NeolithicChalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Chagar Bazar

axe

Museum number: 1964,1201.215 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 3800BC-2200BC |
Production place: Made in:Italy |
Findspot: Found/Acquired:Terni (town)

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.21 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1927,0209.12 |
Cultures/periods: NeolithicChalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jordan

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.29 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1980,1214.14919 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Lachish (historic)

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.39 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Bethlehem (Levant)

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.31 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Hebron

axe

Museum number: 1926,0617.1 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Dbayeh

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.40 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Bethlehem (Levant)

axe

Museum number: 1909,0813.26 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1909,0311.3 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Sur Baher

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.10 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.35 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Artas

axe

Museum number: 1913,0523.7 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

backed blade

Museum number: 1989,0104.6060 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

backed blade

Museum number: 1989,0104.6062 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

backed blade

Museum number: 1989,0104.6061 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

backed blade

Museum number: 1913,0523.12 |
Cultures/periods: ChalcolithicNeolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Jib

backed bladelet

Museum number: 1989,0104.6057 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

backed bladelet

Museum number: 1989,0104.5906 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Harappa (historic)

backed bladelet

Museum number: 1989,0104.5907 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Harappa (historic)

backed bladelet

Museum number: 1989,0104.6055 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

backed bladelet

Museum number: 1989,0104.6056 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mohenjo-daro

barbed-and-tanged arrow-head

Museum number: 1889,0704.53 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

barbed-and-tanged arrow-head

Museum number: 1889,0704.56 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

barbed-and-tanged arrow-head

Museum number: 1889,0704.54 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

barbed-and-tanged arrow-head

Museum number: 1889,0704.55 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2700BC-2200BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Campos

battle-axe; axe-hammer

Museum number: 1964,1201.1419 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic

bead

Museum number: WG.468 |
Cultures/periods: x13740 Chalcolithic |
Production date: 2500BC-2000BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Mörigen

bead

Museum number: 1889,0704.26 |
Cultures/periods: Late NeolithicChalcolithic |
Production date: 3200BC-2600BC |
Findspot: Excavated/Findspot:Puerto Blanco