flake
- Museum number
- 2001,0401.39
- Description
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Flint flake.
- Production date
- 210 BC - 160 BC (circa)
- Dimensions
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Weight: 22.20 grammes
- Curator's comments
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This object comes from the Wetwang Village Iron Age chariot burial (registered with stem 2001,0401.). This was the burial of a woman probably aged 35-45. She was buried in a square barrow, and a two-wheel horse-drawn vehicle had been placed, dismantled, into the grave. The burial probably dates to the first half of the second century BC and can be compared with other Middle Iron Age vehicle burials from East Yorkshire.
The barrow was located on the north side of the modern village of Wetwang. Unlike previously excavated vehicle or chariot burials, this barrow was located on a hill-top, rather than in a valley. The burial is located approximately 1.5-2 km to the south east of the large Iron Age cemetery and settlement at Wetwang Slack excavated in the in the 1970s. Three chariot burials were also found nearby during gravel quarrying in the 1980s. These other burials lay in the valley running east-west on the north side of the ridge on which this burial was located.
The sequence of events leading to the burial can be reasonably reconstructed. The grave was dug to accommodate the body of the vehicle. The body (2001,0401.20) may have been brought to the grave side on the horse drawn vehicle, and was carefully handed down and laid out on top of some form of mat, cloth or organic matter of rectangular shape at the south end of the grave. The body may have been held in a bag fastened with a strap union (2001,0401.18), or this fitting may have served some other purpose. The woman was buried head towards the south, which is unusual. She was buried with an iron mirror (2001,0401.19) that was placed in the grave inside a fur-lined bag. The bag was closed with a draw string or similar threaded with unusual tiny blue glass beads (2001,0401.22). The draw string had been wrapped around a coral-decorated tightly involuted brooch (2001,0401.21). Cuts of pig meat were also placed over her body (2001,0401.43-56). At some stage in the sequence of events the vehicle was taken apart. The wheels and the box/body were removed from the axle, pole and yoke, which remained fixed together. The terrets remained in place on the yoke and the reigns and other harness wrapped around the yoke. The axle, pole and yoke were placed over the body, followed by the box/body of the vehicle. The wheels were placed over the pole. Although the wooden chariot itself was not preserved, all of the metal harness and chariot fittings were recovered from the grave (2001,0401.1-17). The quantity of coral used as decoration on some of the metal objects is exceptional in a British Iron Age context. The grave was finally infilled with clay, and a low mound or barrow left over the top of the grave. Whether the square ditch around the burial was dug before or after the burial is not clear. The horses that led the vehicle to the grave were taken away. People visited the burial after the funeral, and at times left pig and other animal bones/remains (2001,0401.59-80) and some human bone (2001,0401.57-8) either on the barrow to erode into the ditch, or in the ditch itself. Small amounts of pottery (2001,0401.23-34) were also found in the ditches or upper grave fill.
(Adapted from JD Hill’s preliminary report on the excavations)
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Deposits in the north and east ditches of the barrow suggest that people visited the burial after the funeral, leaving behind both animal and human remains, and small quantities of pottery. Animal bones were recovered in some quantities from these ditches (2001,0401.57-72 and 2001,0401.76-80), including groups of pig bones that would seem to have been deposited as articulated units as a deliberate act. A range of bone elements are present from several different juvenile pigs The uniformity in the size and indicators of age at death suggest that most of the pig bones could derive from several individuals from one litter of weaned pigs, possibly about 6 months old at slaughter. Cattle and horse teeth were also present in the east ditch. The most significant deposit was a short length of tertiary fill in the north ditch containing the partial skeleton of a piglet. Some, but not all, of the bones were articulated, but it appears to be the result of a dump of probably cooked bone. Two human long-bone shafts (2001,0401.57-58) were also found in the east ditch of the chariot burial barrow. They were found about 3m apart and both though much eroded post mortem appear to have been quite slight in life. Both are adult or just sub-adult, and they could easily be from the same individual. (Adapted from JD Hill’s preliminary report on the excavations)
- Location
- Not on display
- Acquisition date
- 2001
- Department
- Britain, Europe and Prehistory
- Registration number
- 2001,0401.39
- Additional IDs
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Excavation/small finds number: 324 AK (context/find code)