digital photograph(colour)
- Museum number
- 2013,2034.3243
- Description
-
Digital photograph (colour); view of a desert landscape with tethering stone and Alec Campbell. Foreground: tethering stone with polished groove in the middle. Alec Campbel is placed by the tethering stone. Middle ground: wadi course with acacia trees and bushes. Background: sandstone cliffs.In Galgiwen, Libya.
Scanned
- Production date
-
03 March 2008 (date digitized)
-
March 1998 (original photograph)
- Dimensions
-
File size: 69.90 megabytes
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Resolution: 300 dots per inch
- Curator's comments
- Example of large tethering stone. They are medium or big sized stones with a groove carved in the middle. A rope was knotted over the groove, while at the other side domestic animals were tied to prevent them for straying. They were also used for hunting animals, adding a trap at the side of the rope that prevented the animal to run long distances tiring him and thus helping the hunters. Numerous examples of this kind of use can be seen in the Messak engravings, especially of big sized animals as aurochs, elephants or rhinos.
The engravings are located in In Galgiwen, along the Wadi Mathendous course. Wadi Mathendous is one of the main dry riverbeds on the southern edge of the Messak Plateau in southwest Libya, near the borders between Algeria and Niger. That plateau, which runs southwest-northeast through the Libyan province of Fezzan, is divided in two by the Tilemsin pass, which defines two smaller plateaus (Settafet to the north and Mellet to the south). Throughout these plateaus, numerous dry riverbeds run to the east into Murzuq erg. Rather than a single dry riverbed, Wadi Mathendous can define a wide area which includes the In Habeter (the middle course of Wadi Mathendous) and tributaries as the Wadi Tilizaghen. The valley and its tributaries are full with tens of thousands of rock art engravings –only a few paintings have been located insofar-, mostly depicted in vertical rocks. As a whole, Wadi Mathendous and its surrounding area constitutes the core of the Messak rock art.
The Messak rock art has been known since Heinrich Barth’s expedition in 1850, although it wasn’t until 1932 when the engravings were systematically studied by Leo Frobenius. In more recent times the area has been extensively studied by Pesce (1969), Graziosi (1970) and Jelinek (1984, 1985). Figures appear both isolated and within complex scenes which include engraved life-size elephants, giraffes, crocodiles, buffaloes and figures which mix human and animal features (therianthropes) along with numerous figures of more modern periods as horses and camels. Most of the engravings belong to the so called Bubalus style, but Tazina, Pastoral, Horse and Camel styles are also well represented. The area is home to some of the oldest engravings in the Sahara desert (around 10,000 years old) and some of the most popular depictions in Saharan rock art, as the “Sparring Cats” or the so-called “Apollo of the Garamantes”.
- Location
- Not on display
- Acquisition date
- 2013
- Department
- Africa, Oceania and the Americas
- Registration number
- 2013,2034.3243
- Additional IDs
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Previous owner/ex-collection number: LIBMES0180053 (TARA number)