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- Örmürovna, Sabira (artist)
- Raedwald (king of the East Angles)
- Raffaellino del Garbo (artist)
- Raffles, Sir Stamford (Lieutenant-Governor of Java and founder of Singapore)
- Raimondi, Marcantonio (artist)
- Rajula (Kushan satrap)
- Raku Ichinyū (potter)
- Rama (incarnation of Vishnu)
- Ramesses I (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses II (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses III (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses IV (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses IX (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses VI (king of Egypt)
- Ramesses XI (king of Egypt)
- Raphael (artist)
- Rassam, Hormuzd (archaeologist)
- Rauschenberg, Robert (artist)
- Ravenscroft, George (glassmaker)
- Rawlins, Thomas (Chief Engraver at the Royal Mint)
- Re (Egyptian god)
- Redon, Odilon (artist)
- Rego, Paula (artist)
- Re-Horakhty (Egyptian god)
- Re-Horakhty-Atum (Egyptian god)
- Reid, Bill (artist)
- Reinhart, Hans, 'the Elder' (silversmith)
- Renenutet (Egyptian goddess)
- Renoir, Pierre Auguste (artist)
- Repton, Humphrey (designer and writer)
- Reshef (Egyptian god)
- Reynolds, Sir Joshua (artist and writer)
- Richard I, 'the Lion-Heart' (king of England)
- Richard II (king of England)
- Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis (French cardinal, duke and chief minister)
- Rider Painter (vase painter)
- Rie, Lucy (potter)
- Riemenschneider, Tilman (artist)
- Riggs, Robert (artist)
- Rijn, Rembrandt van (artist)
- Rim-Sin (king of Larsa)
- Rimush (king of Agade)
- Robert, Jean-Francois (artist)
- Roberts, David (artist)
- Robinson, William Heath (artist)
- Roettier, John (artist)
- Roger II (king of Sicily)
- Romano, Giovanni Cristoforo (sculptor)
- Romano, Giulio (artist)
- Rombaldoni, Ippolito (artist)
- Romney, George (artist)
- Rosa, Salvator (artist)
- Ross, Victor Jupurrula (artist)
- Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (artist)
- Rothschild, Baron Ferdinand de (collector and Trustee of the British Museum)
- Roubiliac, Louis-François (sculptor)
- Rowlandson, Thomas (artist)
- Rubens, Peter Paul (artist)
- Rudolph II (Holy Roman emperor)
- Runciman, Alexander (artist)
- Runge, Philipp Otto (artist)
- Rupert, Prince (Ruprecht of Pfalz)
- Ruscha, Ed (artist)
- Rushin, Bruce (designer)
- Ruskin, John (writer, critic, and artist)
- Ruysdael, Jacob van (artist)
- Ryland, William Wynne (artist)
- Ryōnyū (potter)
- Rysbrack, Michael (sculptor)
- Ryūbondo Yasuke (bronze-maker)