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- Caesar, Julius (Roman statesman and general)
- Caesarion (Ptolemy XIV, son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra)
- Calabresi, Domenico (artist)
- Caligula (Roman emperor)
- Calvert, Edward (artist)
- Cambyses (king of Persia)
- Camp, Sokari Douglas (artist)
- Campana, Marchese Giorgio (collector)
- Campani, Pietro Tommasi (clockmaker)
- Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio (artist)
- Caracalla (Roman emperor)
- Carpaccio, Vittore (artist)
- Carpi, Ugo da (artist)
- Carracci, Annibale (artist)
- Carroll, Lewis (mathematician and novelist)
- Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto (artist)
- Catherine II 'the Great' (Empress of Russia)
- Cavendish, William (1st Duke of Devonshire)
- Caviglia, Giovanni Battista (archaeologist)
- Cecilia (Christian saint)
- Celan, Paul (writer)
- Ceracchi, Guiseppe (sculptor)
- Ceres (Roman goddess)
- Cézanne, Paul (artist)
- Chalchiuhtlicue (Aztec goddess)
- Champollion, Jean-François (Egyptologist)
- Chamunda (Hindu goddess)
- Chares (ruler of Teichioussa)
- Charlemagne (king of the Franks, king of the Lombards and Holy Roman Emperor)
- Charles I (king of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Charles I (king of Hungary)
- Charles I of Anjou (king of Naples and Sicily)
- Charles II (king of Great Britain and Ireland)
- Charles II 'the Bald' (king of France)
- Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor)
- Chaucer, Geoffrey (poet)
- Chen Shun (artist)
- Chenghua (emperor of China)
- Chigi Painter (vase painter)
- Chirico, Giorgio de (artist)
- Chodowiecki, Daniel Nikolaus (artist)
- Christ, Jesus
- Christian Ludwig (duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg)
- Christina (queen of Sweden)
- Christy, Henry (collector)
- Classicianus, Gaius Julius Alpinus (procurator)
- Claude
- Claudius (Roman emperor)
- Clement X (Pope)
- Clennell, Luke (artist)
- Cleopatra VII (queen of Egypt)
- Clytie (Greek nymph)
- Cnut (king of England, Denmark and Norway)
- Cock Blomhoff, Jan (merchant and collector)
- Cock, Hieronymous (publisher)
- Cockey, Edward (clockmaker)
- Coenrad, Jacobs (watchmaker)
- Cole, Humphrey (instrument maker)
- Colquhoun, Robert (artist)
- Commodus (Roman emperor)
- Compton, William (1st Earl of Northampton)
- Conall Cael (Christian saint)
- Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur (author)
- Conrad, Joseph (writer)
- Constable, John (artist)
- Constans II (Byzantine emperor)
- Constantine I ('the Great', Roman emperor)
- Constantius I Chlorus (Roman ruler of Gaul)
- Constantius II (Roman emperor)
- Cook, Captain James (explorer)
- Corinth, Lovis (artist)
- Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille (artist)
- Correggio, Antonio (artist)
- Cortona, Pietro da (artist)
- Cotman, John Sell (artist)
- Courbet, Gustave (artist)
- Court, Susanne de (enamel painter)
- Cozens, Alexander (artist)
- Cozens, John Robert (artist)
- Craft, Thomas (porcelain painter)
- Craft, William Hopkins (artist)
- Cranach, Lucas 'the Elder' (artist)
- Crane, Walter (artist, designer)
- Croesus (king of Lydia)
- Cromwell, Oliver (lord protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland)
- Cruikshank, George (artist)
- Cuileáin (Christian saint)
- Cunincpert (king of the Lombards)
- Cupid (Roman god)
- Cyclops Painter
- Cynethryth (queen of Mercia)
- Cyrus (king of Persia)